← All investigations

Food & Power

SEEDS OF POWER: THE F.I.B. GLOBAL GRIP

Classified briefing. Four corporations now control more than half of every seed on Earth. This is how they did it.

Case file
fp_gsn_v2
Length
1 min
Sources
45 cited

The episode will expose how modern intellectual property laws, particularly utility patents, have transformed seeds from a shared agricultural heritage into proprietary corporate assets. This shift has led to aggressive legal battles against farmers, stifled traditional seed-saving practices, and drastically reduced global crop biodiversity, all while consolidating unprecedented power within a handful of agrochemical giants, effectively allowing the F.I.B. to privatize nature itself.

From the broadcast script.

COLD OPEN

Classified briefing. What you are about to hear is not conspiracy. It is public record.

Four corporations control more than fifty percent of every seed sold on this planet.

They did not grow a single one of them.

ACT ONE — THE ACQUISITION

Step one. Buy the competition. In 2018, Bayer acquired Monsanto for sixty-three billion dollars.

Not because they wanted to farm. Because they wanted to own what farmers need.

Step two. Patent everything. Utility patents on seeds grant twenty years of total control.

You cannot replant. You cannot share. You cannot save. You buy again every season. Or you get sued.

ACT TWO — THE ENFORCEMENT

Step three. Enforce. Monsanto built a department specifically to investigate farmers.

They called it the seed police. That is not a metaphor. Farmers called them that.

One hundred forty-four lawsuits filed. Seven hundred out-of-court settlements extracted through fear.

Twenty-three million dollars taken from people who grow food. By people who have never touched soil.

ACT THREE — THE MARKET

The result. Eighty-four percent of corn seed. Controlled by four companies.

Seventy-eight percent of soybean seed. Same four.

In 1994, they eliminated the right to sell saved seed farmer to farmer. Made it law.

CLOSING

This is not a food system. This is a control system. And you are inside it.

Briefing complete. What you do with this information is up to you.

The evidence

Between 1997 and 2010, Monsanto filed 144 lawsuits against farmers for alleged patent infringement and settled 700 more cases out of court.
Center for Food Safety / Organic Seed Growers and Trade Association (OSGATA)
Monsanto has won over $23 million from farmers in patent infringement suits.
Center for Food Safety report 'Seed Giants vs US Farmers'
Just four corporations—Bayer, Corteva, ChemChina (Syngenta), and BASF—control more than 50% of the global seed market and 60-70% of the global pesticides market.
Farm Action / The Non-GMO Project / Canadian Biotechnology Action Network (CBAN)
The U.S. lost 93% of its agricultural genetic diversity over the course of 80 years, according to a 1983 study by the Rural Advancement Foundation International (RAFI).
Rural Advancement Foundation International (RAFI) study, cited by Center for Food Safety
75% of today's food calories worldwide are derived from just nine plants.
RAFI report, cited by Center for Food Safety
In the U.S., the top four companies controlled 84% of the corn seed market and 78% of the soybean seed market between 2018 and 2020.
USDA, cited by Land and Climate Review
Utility patents on plants grant 20 years of market exclusivity to the developer, with essentially zero restrictions on licensing.
Organic Seed Alliance
The 1994 amendments to the Plant Variety Protection Act eliminated the farmer-to-farmer sales exemption for saved seed, restricting farmers' ability to share or sell seeds from protected varieties.
Farm Progress

Sources

  1. https://www.greenamerica.org/blog/farmers-vs-corporate-seed-police
  2. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2013/feb/12/monsanto-sued-small-farmers-seed-patents-report
  3. https://extension.umn.edu/crop-production/variety-protection-regulations
  4. https://roughwoodseeds.org/blogs/news/traditional-methods-of-seed-saving-lessons-from-ancestors
  5. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monsanto_Canada_Inc_v_Schmeiser
  6. https://www.centerforfoodsafety.org/issues/311/ge-foods/effects-on-farmers-environment
  7. https://www.organicseedalliance.org/resources/articles/a-guide-to-seed-intellectual-property-rights/
  8. https://gmo.syr.edu/does-monsanto-sue-farmers-who-save-patented-seeds-or-mistakenly-grow-gmos/
  9. https://farmaction.us/seeds-and-pesticides-farming-under-corporate-patents/
  10. https://www.nongmoproject.org/blog/seed-wars-corporate-control-and-the-battle-for-food-security/
  11. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bowman_v._Monsanto_Co.
  12. https://decisions.scc-csc.ca/scc-csc/scc-csc/en/item/2135/index.do
  13. https://www.organicseedalliance.org/news/utility-patents-and-their-discontents/
  14. https://cban.ca/issues/corporate-control/
  15. https://www.ielrc.org/content/a0403.pdf
  16. https://www.centerforfoodsafety.org/issues/311/ge-foods/issues
  17. https://www.infogm.org/en/6637-intellectual-property-rights-detrimental-biodiversity
  18. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_Variety_Protection_Act_of_1970
  19. https://www.scispace.com/articles/ancient-farming-methods-of-seed-storage-and-pest-management-practices-in-india
  20. https://extension.tennessee.edu/publications/Documents/W1066.pdf
  21. https://www.panna.org/resources/panups/panups-2001/monsanto-vs-percy-schmeiser
  22. https://www.ethicalconsumer.org/food-drink/monsanto-vs-organic-farmers
  23. https://www.ielrc.org/content/a0403.pdf
  24. https://www.upov.int/about/en/faq.html
  25. https://www.upov.int/about/en/faq.html
  26. https://www.gratsi.com/blogs/news/seed-saving-an-ancient-technique-for-a-resilient-garden
  27. https://www.ipmvs.com/plant-breeding-and-plant-related-technology
  28. https://naturespath.com/en-us/blog/understanding-plant-patents-organic-garden/
  29. https://www.stites.com/news-events/news/2025/05/plant-ip-protections-in-the-us
  30. https://www.foodandpower.net/latest/usda-seeds-report-3-23
  31. https://www.farmprogress.com/farm-management/us-seed-law-history-primer
  32. https://www.grain.org/en/article/entries/5323-upov-91-and-other-seed-laws-a-basic-primer-on-how-companies-intend-to-control-and-monopolise-seeds
  33. https://landandclimateresolutions.org/how-a-few-giant-companies-came-to-dominate-global-food/
  34. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2024/jan/25/plant-patents-seed-growers-biodiversity-aoe
  35. https://dennemeyer.com/ip-blog/plant-patents-balancing-innovation-and-biodiversity/
  36. https://www.organicseedalliance.org/news/stop-upov-join-the-fight-for-farmers-rights-to-save-seeds/
  37. https://apbrebes.org/resources/from-upov-78-to-upov-91
  38. https://www.centerforfoodsafety.org/issues/311/ge-foods/history-of-us-seed-development-and-patent-regimes
  39. https://www.ers.usda.gov/amber-waves/2023/august/expanded-intellectual-property-protections-for-crop-seeds-increase-innovation-and-market-power-for-companies/
  40. https://irlaw.umkc.edu/faculty_works/372/